1 . Peripheral vascular resistance is decreased.
2 . Pulmonary vascular resistance is decreased.
3 . Cardiac out put ( stroke volume ) is increased by 40 to 50% at 30 to 30 weeks .
4 . Blood volume is increased by 40 - 50%.
5 . Plasma volume is increased by 50%.
6 . Pulse rate is increased.
7 . Renal blood is flow increased.
8 . GFR is increased by 50%.
9 . Clearance of urea,uric acid and creatinine is increased.
10 . Heart rate and stroke volume are increased.
11 . Total plasma protein is increased.
12 . Plasma protein concentration is decreased.
13 . Iron is decreased.
14 . Plasma transferrin and total iron binding capacity are increased.
15 . Blood fibrinogen is increased by 50%.
16 . Fibrinolytic activity is decreased.
17 . ESR is increased.
18 . Haematocrit is decreased.
19 . Placental hormone production is increased.
20 . Plasma thyroxine is increased.
21 . Apex beat shifts to the 4th intercoastal space.
22 . Cardiac silhouette is enlarged.
23 . Exaggerated splitting of the first heart sound is present.
24 . Second heart sound is normal.
25 . Third heart sound is loud and easily auscultated.
26 . Grade II systolic ejection murmur is audible.
27 . Continuous hissing murmur ( Mammary murmur ) is audible.
28 . Alfa globulin is increased.
29 . ECHO shows increased left atrial and ventricular diameters.
30 . ECG shows left axis deviation.
31 . Net weight gain in pregnancy is 11 kg. i.e 1 kg in Ist trimester and 5 kg each in IInd and IIIrd trimester.
32 . Blood volume reaches maximum at 30 to 32 weeks.
33 . RBC volume is increased by 40 to 50%.
34 . TLC is increased , Neutrophilic leucocytosis occurs.
35 . Albumin is decreased.
36 . All clotting factors except XI and XIII increased.
37 . Platelet count is decreased (gestational thrombo cytopenia).
38 . Diastolic BP is decreased.
39 . Uterine blood flow is increased near term.
40 . Plasma insulin is increased due to estrogen , progesteron , human placental lactogen and prolactin etc..
41 . Serum Prolactin is increased.
42 . Vital capacity and respiratory rate remain constant.
43 . Alkaline phosphatase is produced by placenta and is increased.
44 . Hemoglobin is increased.
45 .Reative protein is increased.
46 . Growth hormone is increased.
47 . Prolactin is increased.
48 . Thyroxin binding globulin is increased.
49 . Total T3 and T4 are increased.
50 . Calcitonin is increased.
51 . Vitamin D3 is increased.
52 . Cortisol is increased.
53 . Serum blood urea nitrogen is decreased.
54 . TSH is unchanged.
55 . FSH and LH are decreased.
56 . Thyroid gland size is increased.
57 . Patients remain euthyroid.
58 . Basal metabolic rate is increased.
59 . Free T3 and T4 unchanged.
60 . Serum iodine is decreased.
61 . Rapid weight gain i.e more than 0.5 kg a week or 2 kg per month is an early manifestation of pre eclampsia.
62 . Stationary or falling weight suggests IUGR or IUD.
63 . The amount of water retained in pregnancy is 6.5 Lt at term.
64 . Viscosity of blood is decreased in normal pregnancy.
65 . Pregnancy is a state of hemodilution.
66 . Serum ferritin is decreased.
67 . Fetal growth is predominantly controlled by IGF-1 and Insulin.
68 . HCG , Human Placental Lactogen (HPL), Inhibin , Estrogen ,Progesteron and Relaxin are produced by placenta.
69 . Until 6 to 7 weeks of gestation progesteron is secreted by corpus luteum but after that the main source of its production is placenta.
2 . Pulmonary vascular resistance is decreased.
3 . Cardiac out put ( stroke volume ) is increased by 40 to 50% at 30 to 30 weeks .
4 . Blood volume is increased by 40 - 50%.
5 . Plasma volume is increased by 50%.
6 . Pulse rate is increased.
7 . Renal blood is flow increased.
8 . GFR is increased by 50%.
9 . Clearance of urea,uric acid and creatinine is increased.
10 . Heart rate and stroke volume are increased.
11 . Total plasma protein is increased.
12 . Plasma protein concentration is decreased.
13 . Iron is decreased.
14 . Plasma transferrin and total iron binding capacity are increased.
15 . Blood fibrinogen is increased by 50%.
16 . Fibrinolytic activity is decreased.
17 . ESR is increased.
18 . Haematocrit is decreased.
19 . Placental hormone production is increased.
20 . Plasma thyroxine is increased.
21 . Apex beat shifts to the 4th intercoastal space.
22 . Cardiac silhouette is enlarged.
23 . Exaggerated splitting of the first heart sound is present.
24 . Second heart sound is normal.
25 . Third heart sound is loud and easily auscultated.
26 . Grade II systolic ejection murmur is audible.
27 . Continuous hissing murmur ( Mammary murmur ) is audible.
28 . Alfa globulin is increased.
29 . ECHO shows increased left atrial and ventricular diameters.
30 . ECG shows left axis deviation.
31 . Net weight gain in pregnancy is 11 kg. i.e 1 kg in Ist trimester and 5 kg each in IInd and IIIrd trimester.
32 . Blood volume reaches maximum at 30 to 32 weeks.
33 . RBC volume is increased by 40 to 50%.
34 . TLC is increased , Neutrophilic leucocytosis occurs.
35 . Albumin is decreased.
36 . All clotting factors except XI and XIII increased.
37 . Platelet count is decreased (gestational thrombo cytopenia).
38 . Diastolic BP is decreased.
39 . Uterine blood flow is increased near term.
40 . Plasma insulin is increased due to estrogen , progesteron , human placental lactogen and prolactin etc..
41 . Serum Prolactin is increased.
42 . Vital capacity and respiratory rate remain constant.
43 . Alkaline phosphatase is produced by placenta and is increased.
44 . Hemoglobin is increased.
45 .Reative protein is increased.
46 . Growth hormone is increased.
47 . Prolactin is increased.
48 . Thyroxin binding globulin is increased.
49 . Total T3 and T4 are increased.
50 . Calcitonin is increased.
51 . Vitamin D3 is increased.
52 . Cortisol is increased.
53 . Serum blood urea nitrogen is decreased.
54 . TSH is unchanged.
55 . FSH and LH are decreased.
56 . Thyroid gland size is increased.
57 . Patients remain euthyroid.
58 . Basal metabolic rate is increased.
59 . Free T3 and T4 unchanged.
60 . Serum iodine is decreased.
61 . Rapid weight gain i.e more than 0.5 kg a week or 2 kg per month is an early manifestation of pre eclampsia.
62 . Stationary or falling weight suggests IUGR or IUD.
63 . The amount of water retained in pregnancy is 6.5 Lt at term.
64 . Viscosity of blood is decreased in normal pregnancy.
65 . Pregnancy is a state of hemodilution.
66 . Serum ferritin is decreased.
67 . Fetal growth is predominantly controlled by IGF-1 and Insulin.
68 . HCG , Human Placental Lactogen (HPL), Inhibin , Estrogen ,Progesteron and Relaxin are produced by placenta.
69 . Until 6 to 7 weeks of gestation progesteron is secreted by corpus luteum but after that the main source of its production is placenta.
